Early Risk Factors for Mental Retardation: Role of Maternal Age and Maternal Education

2002 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Chapman ◽  
Keith G. Scott ◽  
Craig A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors

The pathway to special education: The role of early risk factors in disability identification

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney A. Leboeuf ◽  
Benjamin Brumley ◽  
John W. Fantuzzo ◽  
Cody A. Hostutler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Disability Identification

scholarly journals A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Filatova ◽  
R. Marttila ◽  
H. Koivumaa-Honkanen ◽  
T. Nordström ◽  
J. Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Psychotic Features

Aims.Few studies have compared time trends for the incidence of psychosis. To date, the results have been inconsistent, showing a decline, an increase or no significant change. As far as we know, no studies explored changes in prevalence of early risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in early risk factors and cumulative incidences of psychosis by type of psychosis in two comparable birth cohorts.Methods.The Northern Finland Birth cohorts (NFBCs) 1966 (N = 12 058) and 1986 (N = 9432) are prospective general population-based cohorts with the children followed since mother's mid-pregnancy. The data for psychoses, i.e. schizophrenia (narrow, spectrum), bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depressive episode with psychotic features, brief psychosis and other psychoses (ICD 8–10) were collected from nationwide registers including both inpatients and outpatients. The data on early risk factors including sex and place of birth of the offspring, parental age and psychosis, maternal education at birth were prospectively collected from the population registers. The follow-up reached until the age of 27 years.Results.An increase in the cumulative incidence of all psychoses was seen (1.01% in NFBC 1966 v. 1.90% in NFBC 1986; p < 0.001), which was due to an increase in diagnosed affective and other psychoses. Earlier onset of cases and relatively more psychoses in women were observed in the NFBC 1986. Changes in prevalence of potential early risk factors were identified, but only parental psychosis was a significant predictor in both cohorts (hazard ratios ≥3.0; 95% CI 1.86–4.88). The difference in psychosis incidence was not dependent on changes in prevalence of studied early risk factors.Conclusions.Surprisingly, increase in the cumulative incidence of psychosis and also changes in the types of psychoses were found between two birth cohorts 20 years apart. The observed differences could be due to real changes in incidence or they can be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, or to early psychosis detection and treatment.

EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN OFFSPRING OF PARENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER: THE ROLE OF OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS AND MATERNAL COMORBID ANXIETY

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel D. Freed ◽  
Martha C. Tompson ◽  
Michael W. Otto ◽  
Andrew A. Nierenberg ◽  
Dina Hirshfeld-Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors

scholarly journals Attention bias to reward predicts behavioral problems and moderates early risk to externalizing and attention problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Morales ◽  
Natalie V. Miller ◽  
Sonya V. Troller-Renfree ◽  
Lauren K. White ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Reward Bias

AbstractThe current study had three goals. First, we replicated recent evidence that suggests a concurrent relation between attention bias to reward and externalizing and attention problems at age 7. Second, we extended these findings by examining the relations between attention and behavioral measures of early exuberance (3 years), early effortful control (4 years), and concurrent effortful control (7 years), as well as later behavioral problems (9 years). Third, we evaluated the role of attention to reward in the longitudinal pathways between early exuberance and early effortful control to predict externalizing and attention problems. Results revealed that attention bias to reward was associated concurrently and longitudinally with behavioral problems. Moreover, greater reward bias was concurrently associated with lower levels of parent-reported effortful control. Finally, attention bias to reward moderated the longitudinal relations between early risk factors for behavioral problems (gender, exuberance, and effortful control) and later externalizing and attention problems, such that these early risk factors were most predictive of behavioral problems for males with a large attention bias to reward. These findings suggest that attention bias to reward may act as a moderator of early risk, aiding the identification of children at the highest risk for later behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Dyslexia in Pre-school Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Sarmīte Tūbele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
School Children ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
School Age ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Early Risk Factors

<p><em>The article is devoted to actualize early risk factors of dyslexia in pre-school children.</em></p><p><em>There are a lot of research about dyslexia and its impact on the child/pupil's development, learning and other areas of life. Part of the research concerns the development of a child in pre-school age determining, what factors influence acquisition of reading skills and predict potential difficulties. The article is devoted to reveal early risk factors of specific reading disorder (dyslexia), touches diagnostic possibilities and states what is the role of early intervention in the development of a child. Risk factor groups are described previously, but still the practical activities are far behind the need. Risk factor groups are analyzed in this article as well as necessity for early intervention.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days—Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8179
Author(s):  
Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Celia Pérez-Muñoz ◽  
Jesús Carretero-Bravo ◽  
Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz ◽  
Manuel Serrano-Santamaría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student’s t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (β = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (β = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (β = − 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (β = 0.174, p = 0.047 and β = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.

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